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第十五章 (Chapter Fifteen)

Explore Chapter 15 of "马伯乐" with the original Chinese text, English translation, detailed Chinese vocabulary explanations, and audio of the Chinese original. Listen and improve your reading skills.

Chinese Original
Translation
Chinese Vocabulary (EN)
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四顾 sì gù
v. To look around in all directions. In this context, it describes Mrs. Ma looking around on the platform. Character '顾' (gù) means 'to look at' or 'to care for', and can be extended to words like '照顾' (zhào gù, to take care of) and '回顾' (huí gù, to look back). Note: '四顾' is more literary than common '看' (kàn).
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jìng
adv. Unexpectedly, to one's surprise. Here, it emphasizes the surprise of not recognizing anyone. It is a common adverb in written Chinese. Character '竟' can be extended to '竟然' (jìng rán, unexpectedly) and '究竟' (jiū jìng, after all). Confusion may arise with '竞' (jìng, to compete), but they are different characters.
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大流 dà liú
n. The main flow or crowd; here, it refers to the large group of people moving forward. Character '流' (liú) means 'flow' or 'stream', and is productive in words like '人流' (rén liú, flow of people) and '潮流' (cháo liú, trend). Note: '大流' is less common than '主流' (zhǔ liú, mainstream).
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隧道 suì dào
n. Tunnel, an underground passage. Character '隧' (suì) specifically refers to tunnels, and '道' (dào) means 'way' or 'path'. It is a common noun in modern Chinese. Extended words include '地铁隧道' (dì tiě suì dào, subway tunnel).
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运载 yùn zǎi
v. To transport, to carry. Here, it describes the buses transporting refugees. Character '运' (yùn) means 'to transport' or 'luck', and '载' (zǎi) means 'to carry' or 'load'. Extended words include '运输' (yùn shū, transportation) and '载重' (zài zhòng, load capacity).
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难民 nàn mín
n. Refugee, a person who has been forced to leave their country due to war or persecution. Character '难' (nàn) means 'disaster' or 'difficulty', and '民' (mín) means 'people'. Extended words include '灾难' (zāi nàn, disaster) and '民众' (mín zhòng, the public. Context: In this passage, it reflects the historical setting of war.
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黄昏 huáng hūn
n. Dusk, twilight; the time just after sunset. Character '黄' (huáng) means 'yellow', and '昏' (hūn) means 'dusk' or 'dim'. Extended words include '傍晚' (bàng wǎn, evening) and '昏暗' (hūn àn, dim). It is a common term for describing time of day.
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雪亮 xuě liàng
adj. Bright as snow; very bright or clear. Here, it describes the ground illuminated by electric lights. Character '雪' (xuě) means 'snow', and '亮' (liàng) means 'bright'. Extended words include '明亮' (míng liàng, bright) and '光亮' (guāng liàng, luminous).
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化学工厂 huà xué gōng chǎng
n. Chemical plant, a factory where chemicals are produced. Character '化学' (huà xué) means 'chemistry', and '工厂' (gōng chǎng) means 'factory'. Extended words include '化工' (huà gōng, chemical industry) and '生产工厂' (shēng chǎn gōng chǎng, production plant).
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毒瓦斯 dú wǎ sī
n. Poison gas, a toxic gas used in warfare. Here, it reflects wartime fears. Character '毒' (dú) means 'poison', and '瓦斯' (wǎ sī) is a loanword from 'gas'. Extended words include '毒气' (dú qì, poison gas) and '瓦斯爆炸' (wǎ sī bào zhà, gas explosion). Note: '毒瓦斯' is an older term, modern Chinese often uses '毒气'.
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adv. Do not; or in rhetorical questions, 'could it be that'. Here, in '莫不是', it means 'isn't it that' or 'could it be that', expressing suspicion. Character '莫' is a classical adverb, extended to '莫要' (mò yào, don't) and '莫非' (mò fēi, could it be). Confusion may arise with '没' (méi, not), but '莫' is more literary.
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时时 shí shí
adv. Often, constantly, at all times. Here, it describes Mrs. Ma frequently covering her nose. Character '时' (shí) means 'time', and reduplication emphasizes frequency. Extended words include '时常' (shí cháng, often) and '时刻' (shí kè, moment).
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yǎn
v. To cover, to conceal. Here, it means covering the nose with a handkerchief. Character '掩' is a formal verb, extended to '掩盖' (yǎn gài, to cover up) and '掩饰' (yǎn shì, to conceal). Confusion may arise with '盖' (gài, to cover), but '掩' often implies hiding or protecting.
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深呼吸 shēn hū xī
n. Deep breath, a slow and full inhalation and exhalation. Here, Mrs. Ma avoids taking deep breaths due to the smell. Character '深' (shēn) means 'deep', '呼' (hū) means 'exhale', and '吸' (xī) means 'inhale'. Extended words include '呼吸' (hū xī, to breathe) and '深度' (shēn dù, depth).
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āi
v. To be close to, to lean against; here, it means Ma Bo'le walking close to the children. Character '挨' can also mean 'to endure' in other contexts. Extended words include '挨着' (āi zhe, next to) and '挨打' (ái dǎ, to be beaten).
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越走越慢 yuè zǒu yuè màn
phr. The more one walks, the slower one becomes; a pattern using '越...越...' to indicate increasing degree. Here, it describes Yage slowing down. Character '越' (yuè) means 'more' or 'exceed', and '慢' (màn) means 'slow'. Extended patterns include '越来越好' (yuè lái yuè hǎo, getting better and better).
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年小 nián xiǎo
adj. Young, youthful; here, it describes Yage as being young. Character '年' (nián) means 'year' or 'age', and '小' (xiǎo) means 'small' or 'young'. Note: '年小' is less common than '年轻' (nián qīng, young). Extended words include '年幼' (nián yòu, young) and '少年' (shào nián, youth).
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追过 zhuī guò
v. To catch up and surpass; here, Joseph catches up and passes his mother. Character '追' (zhuī) means 'to chase', and '过' (guò) means 'to pass'. Extended words include '追赶' (zhuī gǎn, to pursue) and '超过' (chāo guò, to exceed).
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luò
v. To fall behind, to lag; here, it means Joseph falls behind. Character '落' can also mean 'to fall' or 'to drop'. Extended words include '落后' (luò hòu, to fall behind) and '落下' (luò xià, to drop). Confusion may arise with '拉' (lā, to pull), but '落' focuses on position.
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广场 guǎng chǎng
n. Square, plaza; an open public area. Here, it refers to the square where buses are parked. Character '广' (guǎng) means 'wide', and '场' (chǎng) means 'field' or 'place'. Extended words include '市场' (shì chǎng, market) and '场地' (chǎng dì, venue).
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慌慌忙忙 huāng huāng máng máng
adj. In a hurried and flustered manner; here, it describes Yage running hastily. Character '慌' (huāng) means 'flustered', and '忙' (máng) means 'busy'. Reduplication emphasizes the state. Extended words include '慌张' (huāng zhāng, flustered) and '忙碌' (máng lù, busy).
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不慌不忙 bù huāng bù máng
idiom. Calm and unhurried; composed. Here, it contrasts Joseph's slow walking with Yage's haste. Character '慌' and '忙' as above. This idiom is common in describing a relaxed attitude.
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慢吞吞 màn tūn tūn
adj. Very slow, sluggish; here, it describes Joseph walking slowly. Character '慢' (màn) means 'slow', and '吞吞' is a reduplicative suffix adding emphasis. Extended words include '缓慢' (huǎn màn, slow) and '吞吞吐吐' (tūn tūn tǔ tǔ, hesitant in speech).
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实在 shí zài
adv. Really, indeed; used to emphasize a statement. Here, it emphasizes that Mrs. Ma is truly tired. Character '实' (shí) means 'real', and '在' (zài) means 'at'. Extended words include '实际' (shí jì, actual) and '实在人' (shí zài rén, honest person).
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发花 fā huā
v. To become blurry or dizzy (eyes); here, it means Mrs. Ma's eyes are blurry from fatigue. Character '发' (fā) means 'to issue' or 'to become', and '花' (huā) means 'flower' or 'blurry'. Extended words include '眼花' (yǎn huā, dizzy) and '发烧' (fā shāo, to have a fever).
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不管 bù guǎn
conj. Regardless, no matter; used to introduce a clause that does not affect the main action. Here, Mrs. Ma doesn't care which bus it is. Character '管' (guǎn) means 'to manage' or 'to care about'. Extended words include '管理' (guǎn lǐ, to manage) and '尽管' (jǐn guǎn, although).
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马上 mǎ shàng
adv. Immediately, right away. Here, it indicates the bus is about to depart. Character '马' (mǎ) means 'horse', and '上' (shàng) means 'on'. Historically from 'on horseback' implying speed. Extended words include '立刻' (lì kè, immediately).
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开走 kāi zǒu
v. To drive away, to depart (for vehicles). Here, the bus is about to drive away. Character '开' (kāi) means 'to drive' or 'to open', and '走' (zǒu) means 'to go'. Extended words include '开车' (kāi chē, to drive a car) and '走开' (zǒu kāi, to go away).
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等到 děng dào
conj. Until, by the time; used to indicate a point in time. Here, it introduces when Ma Bo'le gets on the bus. Character '等' (děng) means 'to wait', and '到' (dào) means 'to arrive'. Extended words include '等待' (děng dài, to wait) and '到达' (dào dá, to arrive).
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停住 tíng zhù
v. To stop, to come to a halt. Here, the bus stops at a place. Character '停' (tíng) means 'to stop', and '住' (zhù) adds completion or emphasis. Extended words include '停止' (tíng zhǐ, to stop) and '停车' (tíng chē, to park).
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prep. From, away from; indicates distance or separation. Here, it means the place is not far from the riverbank. Character '离' can also mean 'to leave'. Extended words include '离开' (lí kāi, to leave) and '距离' (jù lí, distance).
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xiàng
prep. Towards, in the direction of. Here, Ma Bo'le walks towards the riverbank. Character '向' is a key preposition in Chinese. Extended words include '方向' (fāng xiàng, direction) and '向往' (xiàng wǎng, to yearn for).
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过江 guò jiāng
v. To cross the river. Here, Mrs. Ma questions if they are crossing the river again. Character '过' (guò) means 'to cross', and '江' (jiāng) means 'river'. Extended words include '过河' (guò hé, to cross a river) and '长江' (cháng jiāng, Yangtze River).
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wǎng
prep. Towards, to; indicates direction. Here, Ma Bo'le asks where the bus is going. Character '往' is similar to '向', but often used in spoken Chinese. Extended words include '前往' (qián wǎng, to go to) and '往返' (wǎng fǎn, round trip).
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抬头 tái tóu
v. To raise one's head, to look up. Here, Mrs. Ma looks up and sees the riverbank. Character '抬' (tái) means 'to lift', and '头' (tóu) means 'head'. Extended words include '抬高' (tái gāo, to raise) and '抬头纹' (tái tóu wén, forehead wrinkles).
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果然 guǒ rán
adv. As expected, indeed; confirms a previous expectation. Here, Mrs. Ma confirms they are back at the riverbank. Character '果' (guǒ) means 'fruit' or 'result', and '然' (rán) means 'so' or 'thus'. Extended words include '结果' (jié guǒ, result) and '自然' (zì rán, natural).
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黑沉沉 hēi chén chén
adj. Dark and heavy; describes the gloomy appearance of the river water. Character '黑' (hēi) means 'black', and '沉沉' (chén chén) adds emphasis on heaviness. Extended words include '黑暗' (hēi àn, darkness) and '沉重' (chén zhòng, heavy).
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汽船 qì chuán
n. Steamboat, a boat powered by steam engine. Here, it refers to boats on the river. Character '汽' (qì) means 'steam' or 'gas', and '船' (chuán) means 'boat'. Extended words include '汽车' (qì chē, car) and '轮船' (lún chuán, ship).
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灯火 dēng huǒ
n. Lights, lanterns; illumination from lamps or fires. Here, it describes the few lights on the boats. Character '灯' (dēng) means 'lamp', and '火' (huǒ) means 'fire'. Extended words include '灯光' (dēng guāng, lighting) and '火焰' (huǒ yàn, flame).
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远处 yuǎn chù
n. Distance, faraway place. Here, Mrs. Ma looks into the distance. Character '远' (yuǎn) means 'far', and '处' (chù) means 'place'. Extended words include '远方' (yuǎn fāng, distant place) and '近处' (jìn chù, nearby).
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雾气昭昭 wù qì zhāo zhāo
adj. Foggy, misty; describes a scene covered in thick fog. Here, it depicts the hazy view across the river. Character '雾' (wù) means 'fog', '气' (qì) means 'air', and '昭昭' (zhāo zhāo) emphasizes visibility or brightness, but in this context, it contrasts with clarity. Note: This phrase is literary; modern Chinese might use '雾蒙蒙' (wù méng méng).
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江南 jiāng nán
n. South of the river; specifically refers to regions south of the Yangtze River in China, known for its cultural and economic significance. Here, Mrs. Ma mentions the shelter being in the south. Character '江' (jiāng) means 'river', and '南' (nán) means 'south'. Extended words include '南方' (nán fāng, south) and '江河' (jiāng hé, rivers).
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无可奈何 wú kě nài hé
idiom. Helpless, having no choice; describes a situation where one can do nothing. Here, Ma Bo'le feels helpless as he squeezes through the crowd. Character '无' (wú) means 'no', '可' (kě) means 'can', '奈' (nài) means 'how', and '何' (hé) means 'what'. Extended idioms include '无能为力' (wú néng wéi lì, powerless).
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人群 rén qún
n. Crowd, multitude of people. Here, Ma Bo'le squeezes through the crowd. Character '人' (rén) means 'person', and '群' (qún) means 'group'. Extended words include '群众' (qún zhòng, the masses) and '群体' (qún tǐ, group).
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v. To squeeze, to press; to push through a tight space. Here, Ma Bo'le squeezes through the crowd. Character '挤' can also mean 'crowded'. Extended words include '拥挤' (yōng jǐ, crowded) and '挤满' (jǐ mǎn, to be packed).
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湿漉漉 shī lù lù
adj. Wet and soggy; describes something damp or dripping wet. Here, it refers to the wet ground. Character '湿' (shī) means 'wet', and '漉漉' (lù lù) is a reduplicative suffix adding emphasis. Extended words include '潮湿' (cháo shī, humid) and '湿润' (shī rùn, moist).
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只得 zhǐ dé
adv. Have to, must; indicates no other choice. Here, Mrs. Ma has no choice but to follow. Character '只' (zhǐ) means 'only', and '得' (dé) means 'must' or 'to obtain'. Extended words include '只能' (zhǐ néng, can only) and '不得不' (bù dé bù, have to).
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掉江里 diào jiāng lǐ
v. To fall into the river. Here, Yage exclaims that they are falling into the river. Character '掉' (diào) means 'to fall', '江' (jiāng) means 'river', and '里' (lǐ) means 'inside'. Extended words include '掉进' (diào jìn, to fall into) and '掉下' (diào xià, to fall down).
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hǎn
v. To shout, to yell; to call out loudly.
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chǎo
v. To make noise, to quarrel; to be loud or argumentative. Here, Joseph tells Yage not to make noise. Character '吵' can also mean 'noisy'. Extended words include '吵架' (chǎo jià, to quarrel) and '吵闹' (chǎo nào, to make a racket).
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bei
part. A modal particle used in spoken Chinese to indicate a light tone, such as resignation, suggestion, or obviousness. Here, Joseph uses it to downplay the situation ('so what if we fall in'). Character '呗' has no direct translation but adds emotional nuance. Extended particles include '嘛' (ma) and '啦' (la).
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adj. Anxious, hurried; feeling rushed or worried. Here, Joseph becomes anxious or impatient. Character '急' can also mean 'urgent'. Extended words include '着急' (zháo jí, to worry) and '紧急' (jǐn jí, emergency).
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diū
v. To throw, to lose; to discard or misplace. Here, Joseph threatens to throw Yage into the river. Character '丢' is common in spoken Chinese. Extended words include '丢失' (diū shī, to lose) and '丢脸' (diū liǎn, to lose face).
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难过 nán guò
adj. sad, feeling sorrow or difficulty
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luàn
adj./v. chaotic, messy; to disorder or mess up
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江边 jiāng biān
n. riverside, the area beside a river
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摸黑 mō hēi
v. to grope or move in the dark, without light
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简直 jiǎn zhí
adv. simply, absolutely, used to emphasize a statement
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不得了 bù dé liǎo
adj. extremely, terrible, used to describe a severe or intense state
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可怜 kě lián
adj. pitiful, deserving sympathy or compassion
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试探 shì tàn
v. to probe, test, or explore cautiously
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lèi
adj./v. tired, weary; to tire out
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zhí
adj./adv. straight, direct; directly
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tái
v. to lift, raise, or carry upwards
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害怕 hài pà
v. to be afraid, fearful, or scared
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收容所 shōu róng suǒ
n. shelter, a place providing refuge or accommodation, especially for the homeless or disaster victims
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泥泞 ní nìng
n. mud, muddy ground, especially after rain
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diē
v. to fall, tumble, or stumble
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jiāo
n. a fall, stumble, or trip, often used in the context of falling down
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shuāi
v. to fall, throw, or drop forcefully
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xià
v. to scare, frighten, or startle
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v. to pull, drag, or draw towards oneself
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v. to crawl, climb, or creep
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湿 shī
adj. wet, moist, damp
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v. to submerge, sink, or cover completely
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脚踝 jiǎo huái
n. ankle, the joint connecting the foot and the leg
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不忍 bù rěn
v. cannot bear, unwilling to endure or see something painful
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v. to break, tear, or damage
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liú
v. to flow, stream, or circulate
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xiě
n. blood, the red liquid that circulates in the body
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shòu
v. to receive, suffer, or endure
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shāng
n./v. injury, wound; to injure or hurt
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膝盖 xī gài
n. knee, the joint between the thigh and the lower leg
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裤子 kù zi
n. trousers, pants, a garment covering the legs
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dòng
n. hole, cavity, or opening
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一声不响 yì shēng bù xiǎng
idiom. silent, not making a sound, often used to describe someone who is quiet or unresponsive
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深秋 shēn qiū
n. late autumn, the later part of autumn
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刀子 dāo zi
n. knife, a tool with a sharp blade for cutting
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v. to cut, slice, or sever
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似乎 sì hū
adv. seem, appear, as if
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huá
adj. slippery, smooth, causing sliding
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shēn
adj. deep, profound, extending far down or in
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lěng
adj. cold, low in temperature
🔊 :莫不是神经错乱
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莫不是 mò bù shì
phrase. could it be that, is it possible that, used to express speculation or doubt
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神经错乱 shén jīng cuò luàn
idiom. nervous breakdown, mental disorder, used to describe someone acting irrationally due to stress or illness
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忽然 hū rán
adv. suddenly, abruptly, without warning
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听见 tīng jiàn
v. to hear, perceive sound with the ears
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点头 diǎn tóu
v. to nod
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píng
adj. flat, smooth
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n. mud, clay
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门口 mén kǒu
n. doorway, entrance
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挤满 jǐ mǎn
v. to be crowded with, to fill up
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gāng
adv. just, only just
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tǎng
v. to lie down
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情景 qíng jǐng
n. scene, situation
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眼泪 yǎn lèi
n. tears
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一共 yī gòng
adv. in total, altogether
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登记 dēng jì
v. to register
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bào
v. to hold, to embrace
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lǐng
v. to lead, to guide
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lián
adv./prep. even
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办法 bàn fǎ
n. way, method
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只好 zhǐ hǎo
adv. have to, no choice but
🔊 ,倒下,,一动也不动
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倒下 dǎo xià
v. to fall down; to collapse
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一动也不动 yī dòng yě bù dòng
phr. not moving at all; completely still
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yìng
v. to respond; to answer (a call)
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xǐng
v. to wake up; to regain consciousness
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发烧 fā shāo
v. to have a fever; to run a temperature
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v. (in this context) to pay attention to; to acknowledge; to respond to
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麻木 má mù
adj. numb; apathetic; indifferent (physically or emotionally)
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觉得 jué de
v. to feel; to think; to sense
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汽笛 qì dí
n. steam whistle; ship's whistle; siren
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què
conj. but; however; yet (indicating a contrast or unexpected turn)
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天亮 tiān liàng
v. to dawn; daybreak; for the sky to become light
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zhēng
v. to open (eyes)
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v. to close; to shut
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v. to touch; to feel with hands
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bìng
v. to fall ill; to be sick
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水桶 shuǐ tǒng
n. a bucket used for carrying or holding water
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手帕 shǒu pà
n. a small piece of cloth used for wiping the face or hands; handkerchief
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过滤 guò lǜ
v. to pass through a filter to remove impurities; to screen
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睡着 shuì zháo
v. to enter a state of sleep; to fall asleep
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只是 zhǐ shì
adv. used to indicate limitation or simplicity; just; only
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残酷 cán kù
adj. showing no mercy; harsh and severe
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