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第五章 (Chapter Five)

Explore Chapter 5 of "Divorce" with the original Chinese text, English translation, detailed Chinese vocabulary explanations, and audio of the Chinese original. Listen and improve your reading skills.

Chinese Original
Translation
Chinese Vocabulary (EN)
🔊 老李上衙门去!张大哥确是有眼力,给老李租的房正好离衙门不远--也就是将到二里地。省车钱是一,可以来往运动运动是二,午饭能在家里吃是三!老李虽然没有计算一月可以省多少车钱,可是心中微微有点可以多储蓄下点的光亮与希望。想到储蓄,不由的想到:家眷来了,还能剩钱?张大哥永远劝人结婚和接家眷,唯一的理由似乎是:“两口儿并不见得比一个人费钱!”好像女人天生来的不会花钱,没有任何需要,也不准有需要。老李看女人也是个人!可是,英的妈--即使是养只鸡也得给小米吃呀。老李觉得接家眷这回事有点错误。一家之长,越看自己越不像!快到了衙门,他更不痛快了。怎么当上了科员?似乎想不起。家长当科员或者不是坏事。没有科员的薪水怎能当家长!科员与家长是天造地设的一对--什么!看见了衙门,那个黑大门好似一张吐着凉气的大嘴,天天早晨等着吞食那一群小官僚。吞,吞,吞,直到他们在这怪物的肚子里变成衰老丑恶枯干闭塞--死。虽然时时被一张纸上印着个红印给驱逐出去,可是在这怪物肚中被驱逐,不是个有刺激性的事。这里免职,而去另起炉灶干点新的有意义的事,绝对想不到。此处不留爷,自有留爷处。衙门不止一个,吃衙门的虫儿不想,不会,也不肯,干别的。可恨的怪物!可是老李得天天往怪物肚中爬,现在又往里爬呢。每爬进一次,他觉得出他的头发是往白里变呢。可是他必须往里爬。一种不是事业的事业,不得不敷衍的敷衍。现在已接来家眷,更必得往里爬了。这个大嘴在这里等着他,“她”在家里等着他。一个怪物与一个女魔,老李立在当中--科员,家长。他几乎不能再走了,他看见一个衰老丑恶的他,和一个衰老丑恶的她,一同在死亡的路上走,路旁的花草是些破烂的钱票与油腻的铜钱。然而他得走,不能立在那里不动。诗意!浪漫!自由!只是一些好听的名词。生活就是买炉子,租房--炉子送去没有?她会告诉怎样安铁管子呀!到了衙门口,他真要往后退了。可是门口的巡警似乎故意戏弄他,给他行了个立正礼,他只能进去!

Old Li was off to the yamen! Elder Brother Zhang had indeed shown good judgment-the place he'd rented for Old Li was conveniently close to the yamen, just about two li away. Saving on rickshaw fare was one benefit; getting a bit of exercise walking back and forth was another; and being able to eat lunch at home was a third! Old Li hadn't calculated exactly how much he might save each month on transport, but a faint glimmer, a hope of putting a little more aside, flickered in his heart. The thought of saving inevitably led to another: with his family here, would there be anything left to save? Elder Brother Zhang was forever urging people to marry and send for their families, his sole argument seeming to be: "A couple doesn't necessarily cost more than a single man!" As if women were born incapable of spending, devoid of any needs, and forbidden from having any. But Old Li saw women as people too! And yet, Ying's mother-even raising a chicken meant you had to feed it millet. Old Li began to feel that bringing his family here was a mistake. The head of a household? The more he looked at himself, the less he seemed to fit the role! As he neared the yamen, his spirits sank further. How had he ever become a clerk? He could scarcely recall. Being a clerk and a family man might not be the worst fate. Without a clerk's salary, how could one be a family man? Clerk and family man were a pair forged in the very furnaces of hell-what! There was the yamen, its black gates gaping like a great mouth exhaling a chill, waiting each morning to swallow up that flock of petty bureaucrats. Swallow, swallow, swallow, until they grew old, ugly, withered, and ossified within the belly of this monstrosity-dead. Though from time to time one was expelled by a slip of paper stamped with a red seal, to be cast out from the monster's gut was hardly a stimulating prospect. The idea of leaving this place to start afresh with some new, meaningful work never even crossed his mind. If this place doesn't want me, another will. There was more than one government office. The maggots who fed off these places didn't think of, didn't know how to, and wouldn't deign to do anything else. Hateful monstrosity! And yet Old Li had to crawl into its belly every day, and now he was crawling in again. With each entry, he could feel his hair turning a little grayer. But crawl in he must. A profession that was no true profession, a charade he was forced to act out. Now that he had sent for his family, the need to crawl in was even more desperate. This great maw waited for him here, and "she" waited for him at home. Caught between a monster and a she-devil, Old Li stood his ground-clerk, family man. He could barely take another step. He saw an old, ugly version of himself and an old, ugly version of her, trudging together down the road to death, where the roadside weeds were but tattered banknotes and greasy copper coins. Yet trudge he must; he could not simply stand still. Poetic sentiment! Romance! Freedom! Mere fine-sounding words. Life was about buying a stove, renting a room-had the stove been delivered yet? She'd be sure to tell him how to install the bloody stovepipe! At the very gates of the yamen, he truly wanted to turn back. But the policeman on guard seemed to mock him deliberately, snapping to a rigid salute. He could only enter!

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衙门 yá mén
n. yamen, government office in ancient China➕
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有眼力 yǒu yǎn lì
phrase. having good judgment or discernment➕
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省 shěng
v. to save, to economize➕
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储蓄 chǔ xù
n./v. savings; to save money➕
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家眷 jiā juàn
n. family dependents, especially wife and children➕
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天造地设 tiān zào dì shè
idiom. made in heaven, perfectly matched or suited➕
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衰老 shuāi lǎo
adj. aged, decrepit, showing signs of old age➕
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丑恶 chǒu è
adj. ugly, vile, morally repulsive➕
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敷衍 fū yǎn
v. to perform perfunctorily, to muddle through➕
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科员 kē yuán
n. clerk, office worker in a government department➕
🔊 他的手出了汗,那一群同事们一定都等着审问他呢。“老李,接家眷也不言语一声?几时请吃饭?”吃饭,那群东西和苍蝇同类,嘴不闲着便是生命的光荣。进了自己的办公室,心中安定了些。一个人还没来呢,他深深呼了口气。破公事案,铺着块桌布的冤魂,茶碗印,墨汁点,烟卷烧的孔,永远在这里,永远!大而丑的月份牌,五天没撕了,老李不来没人管撕!玻璃上的土。怪物的肚子里没人管任何事情。他把月份牌扯下五页来,扔在纸篓里--也配叫作纸篓,靠着两面墙还随时的自己倒下来!他坐在自己的椅子上,屋中最破的那一把,发愣。公事,公事就是没事。世界上没有公事,人类一点也不吃亏。公文,公文,公文,没头没尾,没结没完的公文。只有一样事是真的--可恨它是真的--和人民要钱!这个怪物吃钱,吐公文。钱到哪儿去?没人知道。只见有人买洋楼,汽车,小老婆。公文是大家能见到的唯一的东西。老李恨不能登时砸碎那把破椅子,破公事案,破纸篓,和这个怪物。可是,砸不碎这个怪物,连这张破桌布也弄不碎!碎了这块布等于使砖塔胡同那三口儿饿死!他又坐下了,等着他们。他们!这个世界是给他们预备的。在家里,油盐酱醋与麻雀牌;来到衙门,一进门有巡警给行礼;进了公事房,嘻嘻嘻,讨论着,辩论着彼此的私事:孩子闹耳朵,老太太办生日,春华楼一号女招待。能晚到一分便晚到一分,能早走一分便早走一分。破桌子,破茶碗,无穷无尽的喝茶,烟卷烟斗一齐烧着,把月份牌都迷得看不清。老李等着他们,他们是他的朋友,在某种程度上,他的审判官。他得为他们穿上洋服,他得随着他们嘻嘻嘻,他接家眷得请他们吃饭,他得向他们时常道歉。邱先生来了。“啊,老李!回来了?家中都好?”和老李握了握手。邱先生的眼中带着点不大正经的笑意。老李的脸红了。邱先生没往下说什么,可是那个笑在眼角上挂着,大有一时半会儿不能消灭的来派。于是老李的脸上继续着增加热力。邱先生脱大衣,喊听差端茶,眼睛没看着老李,可是眼上那两个笑点会绕着圈向老李那边飞掷,象一对流星。吴先生也到了。“啊,老李!回来了?家中都好?”和老李握了握手。他的手比老李的大着两号--按着手手套的尺寸说--柔软,滑溜,带着科员的热力。然后,掏出一毛钱的票子:“张顺,送车钱去!”吴先生非常正直,可是眼角上也有点笑意,和邱先生的那个相似,虽然程度上不那么深。老李的脸更热了。他闭着气专等小赵,小赵来到,他就知道是五年徒刑,还是取保释放了。小赵没来!

His palms were sweaty. That gaggle of colleagues was surely lying in wait to interrogate him. "Old Li! Brought the family up without a word? When's the feast?" A feast-those creatures were the flies' own kin; keeping their mouths busy was life's crowning glory. Entering his own office brought a slight sense of relief. No one else had arrived yet. He took a deep breath. The battered official desk, the ghost of a tablecloth haunting its surface, teacup rings, ink blots, cigarette burns-they were always here, eternal! The large, hideous calendar; five days' worth of sheets remained untorn. If Old Li didn't come, no one would bother to tear them! Dust on the windowpanes. In the belly of the monster, no one managed anything. He tore off the five pages and tossed them into the wastepaper basket-if it deserved the name, forever leaning against two walls and ready to topple over on its own! He sat down in his own chair, the shabbiest in the room, and stared blankly. Official business-official business meant having no business at all. If there were no official business in the world, mankind would be none the worse for it. Documents, documents, documents, endless, interminable documents. Only one thing was real-hateful that it was real-squeezing money out of the people! This monster devoured money and shat documents. Where did the money go? No one knew. One only saw people buying foreign-style houses, automobiles, concubines. Documents were the only thing anyone ever laid eyes on. Old Li wished he could smash that broken chair, that battered desk, that pathetic wastebasket, and this monster to pieces on the spot. But he could not smash the monster; he could not even destroy this wretched tablecloth! To destroy this cloth would be to condemn the three mouths back in Brick Pagoda Lane to starvation! He sat down again, waiting for them. Them! This world was made for them. At home, it was oil, salt, sauce, vinegar, and mahjong tiles; arriving at the yamen, a policeman saluted you at the gate; entering the workroom, it was all titters and sniggers, discussions and debates over private affairs: a child's earache, an old lady's birthday party, the waitress at Table One, Chunhualou Restaurant. Arrive a minute late if you could; leave a minute early if you could. Battered desks, chipped teacups, endless rounds of tea, cigarettes and pipes burning together, shrouding the calendar in such a haze you could hardly make out the dates. Old Li waited for them. They were his friends, and to a degree, his judges. He had to wear Western clothes for them. He had to join in their sniggering. For bringing his family, he had to treat them to a feast. He had to apologize to them with tedious regularity. Mr. Qiu arrived. "Ah, Old Li! Back? How's the family?" He shook Old Li's hand. There was a hint of improper mirth in Mr. Qiu's eyes. Old Li flushed. Mr. Qiu said nothing more, but that smirk lingered at the corner of his eye, promising not to fade anytime soon. Thus, the heat in Old Li's face continued to rise. Mr. Qiu took off his overcoat, called for an attendant to bring tea. Though he wasn't looking directly at Old Li, those two points of mirth in his eyes seemed to arc through the air toward Old Li like a pair of twin meteors. Mr. Wu arrived as well. "Ah, Old Li! Back? How's the family?" He shook Old Li's hand. His hand was a good two sizes larger than Old Li's-going by glove sizes-soft, slick, radiating the peculiar warmth of a petty official. Then, he pulled out a ten-cent note: "Zhang Shun, go pay the rickshaw fare!" Mr. Wu was a very upright man, yet there was also a trace of a smirk at the corner of his eye, similar to Mr. Qiu's, though less pronounced. Old Li's face grew hotter still. He held his breath, waiting specifically for Little Zhao. When Little Zhao arrived, he would know his sentence: was it to be five years' hard labor, or release on bail? Little Zhao did not come!

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审问 shěn wèn
v. to interrogate, to question formally➕
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言语 yán yǔ
v./n. to speak; language, words➕
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光荣 guāng róng
n./adj. glory; glorious, honorable➕
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安定 ān dìng
adj./v. stable, settled; to stabilize➕
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呼 hū
v. to exhale, to breathe out➕
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冤魂 yuān hún
n. wronged soul, ghost of someone who died unjustly➕
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墨汁 mò zhī
n. ink, especially for calligraphy➕
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烟卷 yān juǎn
n. cigarette, rolled tobacco➕
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月份牌 yuè fèn pái
n. calendar, especially a wall calendar➕
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扯 chě
v. to tear, to pull apart➕

Why hadn't Little Zhao come? Old Li didn't dare ask. Though Mr. Wu was a relative of Little Zhao's, he was the least concerned with Little Zhao's affairs. Aside from relying on Little Zhao to maintain his own position, he hardly even deigned to speak to him. Mr. Wu was an upright man, so Old Li naturally dared not inquire about Little Zhao from him. As for Mr. Qiu, he was older than Little Zhao but possessed far less social brass. So, with Little Zhao taking the lead, he would join in any joke played on colleagues. But if Little Zhao did not initiate, he was loath to put himself forward as the instigator; in fact, when Little Zhao wasn't around, he scarcely even uttered the name "Little Zhao." When not engaging in banter, Mr. Qiu was quite adept at savoring his own bitter ennui! But both Mr. Wu and Mr. Qiu knew what Little Zhao was up to. He had gone to Tianjin on an errand for the department head's wife. Both felt a twinge of jealousy toward Little Zhao, but it was inconvenient to mention this to Old Li. Old Li earned his keep by the sweat of his brow and didn't meddle in others' affairs, so the two naturally couldn't count him as a kindred spirit. Moreover, Mr. Wu was an upright man and took particular care to appear especially righteous in Old Li's presence. Old Li began his work, but the shadow of Little Zhao lingered in his mind. Mr. Wu sat ramrod straight, practicing his braised-pork-knuckle calligraphy. Mr. Qiu drank tea and smoked, savoring his bitter ennui, his eyes fixed on his wristwatch. Elder Brother Zhang wasn't in the same section as Old Li, but he made a point of coming over to greet him: "Ah, Old Li! Back? How's the family?" He gave Old Li's palm a diagnostic poke with his finger. Old Li was immensely grateful to Elder Brother Zhang-a man forever loyal in serving others' interests. Sure enough, the look in Mr. Qiu and Mr. Wu's eyes shifted slightly in hue and expression. If Old Li had sent for his family, Elder Brother Zhang would surely know all about it; yet Elder Brother Zhang had also asked, "How's the family?" Little Zhao's words must be rumors. Definitely. Or perhaps, not necessarily-that would be even better.

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正直 zhèng zhí
adj. Upright, honest; refers to moral integrity. In this context, it describes Mr. Wu's character. Character analysis: Often used to describe people who adhere to principles. Character family extension: 正义 (zhèng yì, justice), 正直感 (zhèng zhí gǎn, sense of integrity). Contextual discrimination: Here it emphasizes personal honesty rather than legal justice. Common mistake alert: Do not confuse with 正确 (zhèng què, correct), which refers to accuracy.➕
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人情 rén qíng
n. Human relationships, social connections; often refers to favors or interpersonal dynamics in Chinese culture. In this context, it describes the hardness of relationships. Character analysis: A key concept in Chinese social interactions. Character family extension: 人情味 (rén qíng wèi, human touch), 人情债 (rén qíng zhài, debt of gratitude). Contextual discrimination: Here it means social influence or network strength. Common mistake alert: Different from 人类 (rén lèi, humanity) which refers to humankind.➕
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硬 yìng
adj. Hard, stiff; here used metaphorically to describe strong social connections or influence. Character analysis: Often extended to mean tough or unyielding. Character family extension: 硬件 (yìng jiàn, hardware), 硬币 (yìng bì, coin). Contextual discrimination: In this context, it means 'strong' in terms of relationships, not physical hardness. Common mistake alert: Contrast with 软 (ruǎn, soft), which can mean weak in relationships.➕
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领头 lǐng tóu
v. To lead, to take the lead; refers to being at the forefront of an action. Character analysis: 领 (lǐng) means to lead, 头 (tóu) means head. Character family extension: 领导 (lǐng dǎo, to lead), 领先 (lǐng xiān, to be ahead). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Xiao Zhao initiating jokes among colleagues. Common mistake alert: Not to be confused with 领导 (lǐng dǎo), which is more formal for leadership.➕
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祸首 huò shǒu
n. Chief culprit, ringleader; refers to the main person responsible for trouble. Character analysis: 祸 (huò) means disaster, 首 (shǒu) means head. Character family extension: 祸害 (huò hài, calamity), 首恶 (shǒu è, chief criminal). Contextual discrimination: Here it implies the instigator of jokes. Common mistake alert: Similar to 罪魁祸首 (zuì kuí huò shǒu, arch-criminal), but shorter.➕
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咂 zā
v. To smack one's lips, to savor; often used to describe tasting or pondering. Character analysis: A verb indicating careful consideration or enjoyment. Character family extension: 咂嘴 (zā zuǐ, to smack lips), 咂摸 (zā mo, to ponder). Contextual discrimination: Here it means to savor bitterness in a metaphorical sense. Common mistake alert: Homophone with 杂 (zá, miscellaneous), but different meaning.➕
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苦闷 kǔ mèn
adj. Depressed, gloomy; describes a state of mental distress or boredom. Character analysis: 苦 (kǔ) means bitter, 闷 (mèn) means bored or stifled. Character family extension: 苦恼 (kǔ nǎo, vexed), 闷闷不乐 (mèn mèn bù lè, depressed). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Mr. Qiu's feeling when not joking. Common mistake alert: Not to be confused with 痛苦 (tòng kǔ, pain), which is more physical.➕
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嫉妒 jí dù
v. To envy, to be jealous; refers to resentment towards others' advantages. Character analysis: A common emotion word. Character family extension: 妒忌 (dù jì, envy), 嫉恨 (jí hèn, jealous hatred). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Mr. Wu and Qiu's feeling towards Xiao Zhao. Common mistake alert: Similar to 羡慕 (xiàn mù, admire), but 嫉妒 has negative connotation.➕
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同调 tóng diào
n. Like-minded person, someone with similar views; a literary term for alignment in opinion. Character analysis: 同 (tóng) means same, 调 (diào) means tune or tone. Character family extension: 同志 (tóng zhì, comrade), 调子 (diào zi, tune). Contextual discrimination: Here it means someone who shares the same attitude. Common mistake alert: Different from 同事 (tóng shì, colleague), which is more general.➕
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显着 xiǎn zhe
v. To show, to display; indicates making something apparent. Character analysis: 显 (xiǎn) means obvious, 着 (zhe) is a particle indicating continuous action. Character family extension: 显示 (xiǎn shì, to display), 显著 (xiǎn zhù, remarkable). Contextual discrimination: Here it means to demonstrate uprightness. Common mistake alert: Often written as 显示 in modern Chinese, but 显着 is an older form.➕
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酱肘子体 jiàng zhǒu zi tǐ
n. A style of calligraphy or handwriting, metaphorically describing bold, thick strokes like braised pork hock; a culturally loaded term reflecting Chinese culinary analogy. Character analysis: 酱肘子 (jiàng zhǒu zi) is a dish, 体 (tǐ) means style. Character family extension: 字体 (zì tǐ, font), 文体 (wén tǐ, literary style). Contextual discrimination: Here it humorously describes Mr. Wu's writing style. Common mistake alert: Unique term, not common in standard vocabulary.➕
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专 zhuān
adv. Specially, exclusively; indicates focus or dedication. Character analysis: An adverb meaning concentrated attention. Character family extension: 专业 (zhuān yè, major), 专心 (zhuān xīn, concentrated). Contextual discrimination: Here it means 'only' watching the watch. Common mistake alert: Different from 转 (zhuǎn, to turn), which is a verb.➕
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诊 zhěn
v. To diagnose, to examine; in traditional Chinese medicine, often refers to pulse-taking. Character analysis: A verb related to medical examination. Character family extension: 诊断 (zhěn duàn, diagnosis), 诊所 (zhěn suǒ, clinic). Contextual discrimination: Here it means用手指诊手心, implying a playful or symbolic check. Common mistake alert: Not to be confused with 针 (zhēn, needle), which is a noun.➕
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为人谋 wèi rén móu
v. To plan for others, to scheme on behalf of someone; a phrase emphasizing loyalty in assistance. Character analysis: 为 (wèi) means for, 人 (rén) means people, 谋 (móu) means to plan. Character family extension: 谋略 (móu lüè, strategy), 谋生 (móu shēng, to make a living). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Zhang大哥's loyalty. Common mistake alert: 谋 can also mean to seek, but here it's positive.➕
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忠诚 zhōng chéng
adj. Loyal, faithful; describes unwavering devotion. Character analysis: 忠 (zhōng) means loyalty, 诚 (chéng) means sincerity. Character family extension: 忠心 (zhōng xīn, loyalty), 诚信 (chéng xìn, honesty). Contextual discrimination: Here it modifies Zhang大哥's character. Common mistake alert: Similar to 忠实 (zhōng shí, faithful), but 忠诚 is more formal.➕
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造谣 zào yáo
v. To spread rumors, to fabricate stories; refers to malicious gossip. Character analysis: 造 (zào) means to make, 谣 (yáo) means rumor. Character family extension: 谣言 (yáo yán, rumor), 制造 (zhì zào, to manufacture). Contextual discrimination: Here it means Xiao Zhao's words are rumors. Common mistake alert: Different from 创造 (chuàng zào, to create), which is positive.➕
🔊 “今年乡下收成不坏吧?”张大哥对乡下人自然要问乡下话,吴邱二位登时觉得还不够真正北平人的资格。“不坏,不过民间还是很苦。”老李带着感情说。“今年就盼着来场大雪,去去瘟毒;麦子也得意。”去去瘟毒,其实是张大哥的注意之点;麦子得意与否,民间苦不苦,都嫌离北平太远。世界上麦子都不得意!北平总有白面吃。张大哥和老李又敷衍了几句,完全出于诚意,同时不失为敷衍。张大哥自己都佩服这一招儿--诚意的敷衍完老李,又过去和邱吴二位谈了一点来钟。张大哥比他们二位更没事可作。他是庶务科上的,他的职务是调动工友和买办东西。对调动工友这一项,他是完全无为而治,所以工友们为他的私事能非常的殷勤卖力气,因为在衙门里总是闲着。对于买办一项,自有铺子送来,只要打打电话,过过数目,便完事大吉。至于照例的回扣呢,张大哥决不破例拒绝,也不独吞,该分给谁便分给谁,连工友都大家有份。张大哥是庶务中的圣手。这样,他永远不忙,除了忙着串各科,而各科的职员一律欢迎他的降临:请医生,雇奶妈,定包厢,买旧地毯,卖灰鼠皮袍再买狐腿的,租房,定打新式桌椅,配丸药--凡是科员所需都要张大哥的指导与建议。批婚书,过嫁礼,更不用说,永远是他一手包办。新从南方来的同事,单找他来练习官话--孙先生便是一个。连美国留学回来的都和他研究相面与合婚。这些差事是纯粹义务,张大哥只落得两句赞美:“北平真是宝地!”和“北平人真会办事。”有这两句,张大哥觉得前生定是积下阴功,所以不但住在北平,而且生在北平。“有宰相之才,没有宰相之命。”当他喝下两盅酒才这样叹息,而并非全无自慰的意思--两个“之”字特别的意味深长。

"The harvest in the countryside wasn't bad this year, I trust?" Elder Brother Zhang naturally addressed a countryman in a country fashion, making Mr. Wu and Mr. Qiu instantly feel they still fell short of being true Beiping natives. "Not bad, though the common folk still have it hard," Old Li replied with feeling. "This year we're all hoping for a good heavy snow to drive out the pestilent miasmas; the wheat would benefit too." Driving out pestilent miasmas was, in fact, the real crux of Elder Brother Zhang's interest; whether the wheat prospered or the people suffered were matters too remote from Beiping to truly concern him. If wheat failed the world over, Beiping would still have its white flour to eat. Elder Brother Zhang exchanged a few more perfunctory yet perfectly sincere pleasantries with Old Li, a masterful blend of genuine courtesy and empty form. Elder Brother Zhang rather admired his own performance-having sincerely gone through the motions with Old Li, he then proceeded to chat with Mr. Qiu and Mr. Wu for a good hour. Elder Brother Zhang had even less to do than they did. He was in the general affairs section. His duties consisted of assigning office attendants and purchasing supplies. Regarding the assignment of attendants, he ruled by inaction, so the attendants were exceptionally eager and diligent in performing his personal errands, as they had so little to occupy them at the office. As for purchasing, the shops delivered everything on their own; he merely had to make phone calls and check quantities, and the job was done. Concerning the customary kickbacks, Elder Brother Zhang never refused them as a matter of principle, nor did he pocket them all himself. He distributed them to whomever was due a share, even the lowly attendants getting their cut. Elder Brother Zhang was a past master of general affairs. Thus, he was never busy, except with the business of circulating among the various sections-and the staff of every section universally welcomed his visits: calling the doctor, hiring a wet-nurse, booking a theater box, buying old carpets, selling a squirrel-fur gown to buy one with fox-fur trim, renting rooms, placing orders for new-style furniture, having medicinal pills prepared-everything a clerk needed required Elder Brother Zhang's guidance and advice. Approving marriage documents, managing betrothal gifts-needless to say, he handled it all single-handedly. New colleagues from the south sought him out specifically to practice their Mandarin-Mr. Sun was one such. Even those returned from studying in America consulted him on physiognomy and marital compatibility. These services were purely gratis. Elder Brother Zhang's only reward was two phrases of praise: "Beiping is truly a land of treasures!" and "Beiping people certainly know how to get things done." With these two phrases, Elder Brother Zhang felt he must have accumulated hidden virtue in a past life, for not only did he live in Beiping, but he was born there as well. "Capable of being a prime minister, yet not destined to be one." He would sigh thus after downing two cups of wine, yet not without a certain self-consoling satisfaction-the two "zhi" characters lending the phrase a peculiarly lingering and self-satisfied flavor.

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收成 shōu chéng
n. Harvest, crop yield; refers to agricultural output. Character analysis: 收 (shōu) means to gather, 成 (chéng) means result. Character family extension: 收获 (shōu huò, harvest gains), 成熟 (chéng shú, ripe). Contextual discrimination: Here it inquires about rural harvest. Common mistake alert: Not to be confused with 收入 (shōu rù, income), which is financial.➕
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民间 mín jiān
n. Folk, among the people; refers to non-official or grassroots level. Character analysis: 民 (mín) means people, 间 (jiān) means among. Character family extension: 民间艺术 (mín jiān yì shù, folk art), 民间故事 (mín jiān gù shì, folk tale). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes the suffering of common people. Common mistake alert: Different from 人民 (rén mín, people), which is more political.➕
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瘟毒 wēn dú
n. Pestilence, epidemic poison; refers to diseases or plagues in traditional Chinese context. Character analysis: 瘟 (wēn) means epidemic, 毒 (dú) means poison. Character family extension: 瘟疫 (wēn yì, plague), 病毒 (bìng dú, virus). Contextual discrimination: Here it means to eliminate diseases with snow. Common mistake alert: Similar to 瘟疫, but 瘟毒 emphasizes toxicity.➕
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得意 dé yì
adj. Proud, satisfied; describes a feeling of accomplishment or pleasure. Character analysis: 得 (dé) means to obtain, 意 (yì) means intention. Character family extension: 得意洋洋 (dé yì yáng yáng, complacent), 得意门生 (dé yì mén shēng, favorite student). Contextual discrimination: Here it refers to wheat thriving. Common mistake alert: Not to be confused with 得意 (dé yì) as a verb meaning to be proud, but here it's adjective.➕
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诚意 chéng yì
n. Sincerity, good faith; refers to genuine intention. Character analysis: 诚 (chéng) means sincere, 意 (yì) means intention. Character family extension: 真诚 (zhēn chéng, genuine), 诚意金 (chéng yì jīn, earnest money). Contextual discrimination: Here it modifies the敷衍, showing irony. Common mistake alert: Similar to 诚实 (chéng shí, honesty), but 诚意 focuses on intent.➕
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招儿 zhāo er
n. Trick, method; a colloquial term for a move or strategy. Character analysis: 招 (zhāo) means move or trick, 儿 (er) is a suffix. Character family extension: 招数 (zhāo shù, move), 招手 (zhāo shǒu, to wave). Contextual discrimination: Here it refers to Zhang大哥's skillful handling. Common mistake alert: Informal, often used in northern dialects.➕
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庶务 shù wù
n. General affairs, administrative duties; refers to miscellaneous tasks in an organization. Character analysis: 庶 (shù) means numerous or common, 务 (wù) means affair. Character family extension: 庶民 (shù mín, common people), 任务 (rèn wù, task). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Zhang大哥's department. Common mistake alert: Formal term, not commonly used in daily conversation.➕
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无为而治 wú wéi ér zhì
idiom. Governance by non-interference, a Taoist concept of ruling without action; means managing by letting things take their course. Character analysis: 无为 (wú wéi) means non-action, 而 (ér) is a conjunction, 治 (zhì) means to govern. Character family extension: 无为 (wú wéi, inaction), 治理 (zhì lǐ, governance). Contextual discrimination: Here it humorously describes Zhang大哥's laissez-faire approach. Common mistake alert: Deep cultural concept, often used in philosophy.➕
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殷勤 yīn qín
adj. Eagerly attentive, hospitable; describes warm and diligent service. Character analysis: 殷 (yīn) means abundant, 勤 (qín) means diligent. Character family extension: 殷勤招待 (yīn qín zhāo dài, to entertain warmly), 殷勤备至 (yīn qín bèi zhì, extremely attentive). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes the工友's effort for Zhang大哥. Common mistake alert: Similar to 热情 (rè qíng, enthusiastic), but 殷勤 implies more servitude.➕
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买办 mǎi bàn
n. Comprador, purchasing agent; historically refers to Chinese agents for foreign firms, here means procurement. Character analysis: 买 (mǎi) means to buy, 办 (bàn) means to handle. Character family extension: 购买 (gòu mǎi, purchase), 办理 (bàn lǐ, to handle). Contextual discrimination: Here it means buying things. Common mistake alert: In modern context, often replaced by 采购员 (cǎi gòu yuán, purchaser).➕
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完事大吉 wán shì dà jí
phrase. Everything is done and auspicious; means completion of a task satisfactorily. Character analysis: 完事 (wán shì) means to finish, 大吉 (dà jí) means great luck. Character family extension: 完成 (wán chéng, to complete), 吉利 (jí lì, auspicious). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes轻松完成采购. Common mistake alert: Informal phrase, often used in spoken language.➕
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回扣 huí kòu
n. Kickback, commission; refers to a percentage returned illegally or unofficially in transactions. Character analysis: 回 (huí) means to return, 扣 (kòu) means to deduct. Character family extension: 回收 (huí shōu, to recycle), 扣除 (kòu chú, to deduct). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes usual rebates. Common mistake alert: Often has negative connotation of corruption.➕
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破例 pò lì
v. To break a rule, to make an exception; means to deviate from usual practice. Character analysis: 破 (pò) means to break, 例 (lì) means example or rule. Character family extension: 破坏 (pò huài, to destroy), 例外 (lì wài, exception). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes not refusing回扣. Common mistake alert: Similar to 打破常规 (dǎ pò cháng guī, to break conventions).➕
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独吞 dú tūn
v. To monopolize, to swallow alone; means to take everything for oneself. Character analysis: 独 (dú) means alone, 吞 (tūn) means to swallow. Character family extension: 独立 (dú lì, independent), 吞并 (tūn bìng, to annex). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes not keeping回扣 alone. Common mistake alert: Informal, often used in negative contexts.➕
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圣手 shèng shǒu
n. Master, expert; refers to someone highly skilled in a field. Character analysis: 圣 (shèng) means saint or holy, 手 (shǒu) means hand. Character family extension: 神圣 (shén shèng, sacred), 手艺 (shǒu yì, craftsmanship). Contextual discrimination: Here it praises Zhang大哥's ability in庶务. Common mistake alert: Often used in titles like 医圣手 (medical master).➕
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串 chuàn
v. To string together, to visit around; means to move from place to place. Character analysis: A verb indicating sequential movement. Character family extension: 串联 (chuàn lián, to connect in series), 串门 (chuàn mén, to visit homes). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Zhang大哥 visiting各科. Common mistake alert: Different from 穿 (chuān, to wear), which is a homophone.➕
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降临 jiàng lín
v. To descend, to arrive; often used for divine or important arrivals. Character analysis: 降 (jiàng) means to descend, 临 (lín) means to arrive. Character family extension: 下降 (xià jiàng, to下降), 临时 (lín shí, temporary). Contextual discrimination: Here it humorously describes Zhang大哥's visits. Common mistake alert: Formal word, often in religious or poetic contexts.➕
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一手包办 yī shǒu bāo bàn
idiom. To take care of everything single-handedly; means to handle all aspects alone. Character analysis: 一手 (yī shǒu) means with one hand, 包办 (bāo bàn) means to monopolize handling. Character family extension: 包办婚姻 (bāo bàn hūn yīn, arranged marriage), 包办代替 (bāo bàn dài tì, to take over everything). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Zhang大哥's control over婚书等. Common mistake alert: Can have negative connotation of overcontrol.➕
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官话 guān huà
n. Mandarin, official language; refers to standard Chinese or bureaucratic speech. Character analysis: 官 (guān) means official, 话 (huà) means speech. Character family extension: 官方 (guān fāng, official), 普通话 (pǔ tōng huà, Mandarin). Contextual discrimination: Here it means practicing standard Chinese. Common mistake alert: In historical context, it also means bureaucratic jargon.➕
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相面 xiàng miàn
n. Face reading, physiognomy; a traditional Chinese practice of judging character from facial features. Character analysis: 相 (xiàng) means appearance, 面 (miàn) means face. Character family extension: 相貌 (xiàng mào, appearance), 面相 (miàn xiàng, facial features). Contextual discrimination: Here it reflects cultural interest. Common mistake alert: Cultural term, not scientific.➕
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合婚 hé hūn
n. Marriage matching, compatibility assessment; a traditional practice to check if couples are suited based on astrology or other factors. Character analysis: 合 (hé) means to match, 婚 (hūn) means marriage. Character family extension: 合作 (hé zuò, cooperation), 婚姻 (hūn yīn, marriage). Contextual discrimination: Here it shows Zhang大哥's involvement in traditional customs. Common mistake alert: Specific to Chinese wedding culture.➕
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纯粹 chún cuì
adj. Pure, unadulterated; describes something without mixture or ulterior motive. Character analysis: 纯 (chún) means pure, 粹 (cuì) means essence. Character family extension: 纯洁 (chún jié, pure), 精粹 (jīng cuì, essence). Contextual discrimination: Here it modifies义务, meaning purely voluntary. Common mistake alert: Similar to 纯正 (chún zhèng, genuine), but 纯粹 emphasizes simplicity.➕
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义务 yì wù
n. Obligation, duty; refers to something one must do without pay. Character analysis: 义 (yì) means righteousness, 务 (wù) means affair. Character family extension: 义气 (yì qì, loyalty), 任务 (rèn wù, task). Contextual discrimination: Here it means unpaid services. Common mistake alert: Different from 权利 (quán lì, right), which is a privilege.➕
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阴功 yīn gōng
n. Merit accumulated secretly, hidden virtue; a Buddhist or Taoist concept of good deeds done without publicity. Character analysis: 阴 (yīn) means hidden or negative, 功 (gōng) means merit. Character family extension: 阴德 (yīn dé, hidden virtue), 功德 (gōng dé, merit). Contextual discrimination: Here it explains Zhang大哥's satisfaction. Common mistake alert: Cultural term related to karma.➕
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宰相 zǎi xiàng
n. Prime minister, chancellor; the highest official in ancient Chinese government. Character analysis: 宰 (zǎi) means to govern, 相 (xiàng) means minister. Character family extension: 宰相肚里能撑船 (zǎi xiàng dù lǐ néng chēng chuán, a prime minister's heart is big enough to pole a boat in), 丞相 (chéng xiàng, chancellor). Contextual discrimination: Here it is used in a proverb. Common mistake alert: Historical term, not used in modern politics.➕
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之 zhī
part. A possessive or linking particle, equivalent to 'of' or 's; used in classical Chinese and formal writing. Character analysis: A虚词 indicating relationship. Character family extension: 之前 (zhī qián, before), 之后 (zhī hòu, after). Contextual discrimination: Here it is used in the proverb for emphasis. Common mistake alert: Often omitted in modern spoken Chinese, but essential in written form.➕
🔊 张大哥和邱吴二位谈起来,二位就是盼望有人来闲谈,不然真不好意思把公事都交给老李办,虽然大家深知老李有办事的瘾--科员中的怪物。吴先生,军队出身,非常正直,刚练好一笔酱肘子体的字,打算娶个亲。他又提起来了:“老吴是军人,先生,没别的好处,就是正直,过山炮一样的正直。四十多了,没个儿子。得改变战线,先生!”吴先生的“先生”永远不离口,仿佛是拿这个字证明自己已经弃武修文了似的。他的腰背永远笔直,脖子与头一齐扭转,不是向左便是向右“看齐”。这给张大哥一个难题。他并不绝对不管给人买妾,不过假使能推得开,他便不管。假如非叫他办不可,那么,有个基本条件:买妾的人须文过司长,武官至小是团副。妇女应否作妾?那是妇女杂志上的问题,张大哥不便于过问。他专从实际上看男人。一个小科员,或是中学教师,不论有怎样充足的理由,能不纳妾顶好就不纳。精力,金钱,家庭间的困难,这些都在纳妾项下向科员与教师摇着头。别自己找枷扛。其实买个妾还不是件容易事,只看男人的脑袋是金银铜铁哪种金属作的。吴先生的脑袋,据张大哥的检定,是铁的;虽然面积不小,可是能值多少钱一斤?纳妾是一种娱乐,也许是一种必需,无论怎说,总得以金钱地位作保险费!可是张大哥不能直接告诉吴先生的头是铁的。他对吴先生和学校的青年都没有办法。这两种人中又以吴先生为更难办。青年们闹恋爱,只好听之而已,张大哥还能替谁去恋爱?而吴先生偏偏要张大哥给帮忙。拒绝,敷衍,打岔,都等于得罪吴先生。世界上没有不可以作的事,除了得罪人。可是和吴先生讨论,吴先生能立刻请他吃饭;吃了人家的饭,再也吐不出,那便被人家一把抓定。张大哥的左眼闭得几乎有不再睁开的趋势。有了,谈太极拳吧。吴先生的拳头那么大,据他自己说,完全是练太极拳练出来的;只有提太极拳,他可以把纳妾暂时忘下。太极拳是一切!把云手和倒撵猴运在笔端,便能写出酱肘子体的字。张大哥把烟斗用海底针势掏出来,吴先生立刻摆了个白鹤亮翅。谈了一点来钟,张大哥乘着如封似闭的机会溜了出去!

Elder Brother Zhang fell into conversation with Mr. Qiu and Mr. Wu. The two had been hoping for someone to chat with; otherwise, they'd have felt rather embarrassed leaving all the official work to Old Li, though everyone was well aware Old Li had an addiction to work-he was a veritable monster among clerks. Mr. Wu, with his military background, was exceedingly upright. He had just mastered writing in that braised-pork-knuckle style and was planning to take a wife. He brought up the subject again: "Old Wu is a military man, sir. No other virtues to speak of, just upright, as straightforward as a mountain howitzer. Over forty, and no son. Time to change fronts, sir!" Mr. Wu never let the word "sir" leave his lips, as if using it proved he had abandoned the martial for the literary arts. His back was perpetually ramrod straight, his neck and head swiveling as one unit, either left or right, as if calling the ranks to attention. This presented Elder Brother Zhang with a dilemma. He didn't absolutely refuse to help procure concubines, but if he could possibly avoid it, he would. If forced to handle the matter, however, there was a fundamental condition: the man seeking a concubine must be at least a civil official of department-head rank or a military officer no lower than regimental deputy. Whether women should become concubines was a question for women's magazines; Elder Brother Zhang was not in a position to inquire. He looked at the matter purely from the man's practical standpoint. A minor clerk or a middle-school teacher, no matter how compelling his reasons, would do best to avoid taking a concubine if at all possible. Energy, money, domestic troubles-all these factors shook their heads in disapproval at clerks and teachers contemplating concubinage. Why go looking for a cangue to wear? In truth, buying a concubine wasn't an easy matter; it all depended on what sort of metal a man's head was made of in the marital market-was it gold, silver, copper, or iron? Mr. Wu's head, according to Elder Brother Zhang's assessment, was iron. Though sizable in area, what was an iron head worth per catty? Concubinage was a form of amusement, perhaps even a necessity. Whichever it was, it required money and status as insurance! But Elder Brother Zhang could not directly tell Mr. Wu his head was iron. He was at a loss with both Mr. Wu and the youths from the schools. Of these two types, Mr. Wu was the more troublesome. The youths falling in love? One could only let them be; Elder Brother Zhang couldn't very well go falling in love on anyone's behalf. And yet Mr. Wu specifically wanted Elder Brother Zhang's help. To refuse, to put him off, to change the subject-all amounted to giving offense to Mr. Wu. There was nothing in the world one couldn't do, except offend people. But if he debated the point, Mr. Wu might immediately invite him to a meal. Once you'd eaten a man's food, you couldn't very well spit it back up; then you'd be firmly in his grip. Elder Brother Zhang's left eye narrowed almost to the point of staying shut forever. He had it-talk about Tai Chi. Mr. Wu's fists were so enormous, by his own account, entirely from practicing Tai Chi. Only by bringing up Tai Chi could he make Mr. Wu temporarily forget about concubinage. Tai Chi was everything! Applying the techniques of "Cloud Hands" and "Step Back and Repulse Monkey" to the tip of his brush, he could produce that braised-pork-knuckle calligraphy. Elder Brother Zhang produced his pipe with a "Needle at the Bottom of the Sea" gesture. Mr. Wu promptly struck a "White Crane Spreads Its Wings" pose. After chatting for about an hour, Elder Brother Zhang seized the "Apparent Close-Up" opportunity to slip away!

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闲谈 xián tán
v. To chat casually, to engage in small talk; means informal conversation. Character analysis: 闲 (xián) means leisure, 谈 (tán) means to talk. Character family extension: 闲聊 (xián liáo, to chat), 闲话 (xián huà, gossip). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes the hope for conversation. Common mistake alert: Similar to 聊天 (liáo tiān, to chat), but 闲谈 is more literary.➕
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瘾 yǐn
n. Addiction, strong habit; refers to a compulsive desire. Character analysis: A noun indicating dependency. Character family extension: 烟瘾 (yān yǐn, smoking addiction), 瘾君子 (yǐn jūn zǐ, addict). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Lao Li's fondness for work. Common mistake alert: Often used negatively, but here it's neutral.➕
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怪物 guài wu
n. Monster, weird person; refers to someone or something strange. Character analysis: 怪 (guài) means strange, 物 (wù) means thing. Character family extension: 奇怪 (qí guài, strange), 怪物电影 (guài wu diàn yǐng, monster movie). Contextual discrimination: Here it humorously describes Lao Li as an oddity among科员. Common mistake alert: Can be offensive if used for people.➕
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弃武修文 qì wǔ xiū wén
idiom. To abandon martial arts and cultivate literature; means to switch from military to civilian pursuits. Character analysis: 弃 (qì) means to abandon, 武 (wǔ) means martial, 修 (xiū) means to cultivate, 文 (wén) means literature. Character family extension: 弃权 (qì quán, to abstain), 文化 (wén huà, culture). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Mr. Wu's self-perception. Common mistake alert: Reflects traditional Chinese value of civil over military.➕
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看齐 kàn qí
v. To align, to keep pace with; originally a military term for lining up. Character analysis: 看 (kàn) means to look, 齐 (qí) means aligned. Character family extension: 整齐 (zhěng qí, neat), 对齐 (duì qí, to align). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Mr. Wu's rigid posture. Common mistake alert: Often used in commands like 向右看齐 (eyes right).➕
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买妾 mǎi qiè
v. To buy a concubine; a historical practice of taking a secondary wife. Character analysis: 买 (mǎi) means to buy, 妾 (qiè) means concubine. Character family extension: 纳妾 (nà qiè, to take a concubine), 妾室 (qiè shì, concubine's room). Contextual discrimination: Here it discusses the topic of纳妾. Common mistake alert: Culturally loaded, reflects old social norms.➕
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纳妾 nà qiè
v. To take a concubine; same as买妾 but more formal. Character analysis: 纳 (nà) means to accept, 妾 (qiè) means concubine. Character family extension: 采纳 (cǎi nà, to adopt), 缴纳 (jiǎo nà, to pay). Contextual discrimination: Here it is discussed as an option. Common mistake alert: Outdated practice, illegal in modern China.➕
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司长 sī zhǎng
n. Department head, bureau chief; a mid-level government official. Character analysis: 司 (sī) means to manage, 长 (zhǎng) means head. Character family extension: 司法 (sī fǎ, judiciary), 局长 (jú zhǎng, bureau director). Contextual discrimination: Here it sets a condition for纳妾. Common mistake alert: Part of bureaucratic hierarchy.➕
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团副 tuán fù
n. Deputy regimental commander; a military rank. Character analysis: 团 (tuán) means regiment, 副 (fù) means deputy. Character family extension: 团长 (tuán zhǎng, regimental commander), 副官 (fù guān, aide-de-camp). Contextual discrimination: Here it sets a military rank condition. Common mistake alert: Specific to military terminology.➕
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应否 yīng fǒu
adv. Whether or not, should or should not; a formal adverb for questioning necessity. Character analysis: 应 (yīng) means should, 否 (fǒu) means not. Character family extension: 应该 (yīng gāi, should), 否定 (fǒu dìng, to negate). Contextual discrimination: Here it introduces a rhetorical question. Common mistake alert: Literary, often used in written debates.➕
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枷 jiā
n. Cangue, wooden yoke; a historical punishment device. Character analysis: A noun for a physical restraint. Character family extension: 枷锁 (jiā suǒ, shackles), 披枷戴锁 (pī jiā dài suǒ, to wear cangue and chains). Contextual discrimination: Here it metaphorically means self-imposed burden. Common mistake alert: Cultural reference to old punishments.➕
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检定 jiǎn dìng
v. To inspect and determine, to certify; means to check and confirm. Character analysis: 检 (jiǎn) means to inspect, 定 (dìng) means to determine. Character family extension: 检查 (jiǎn chá, to check), 鉴定 (jiàn dìng, to appraise). Contextual discrimination: Here it humorously describes assessing Mr. Wu's head. Common mistake alert: Similar to 检验 (jiǎn yàn, to test).➕
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保险 bǎo xiǎn
n. Insurance; refers to financial protection against risk. Character analysis: 保 (bǎo) means to protect, 险 (xiǎn) means risk. Character family extension: 保证 (bǎo zhèng, to guarantee), 危险 (wēi xiǎn, danger). Contextual discrimination: Here it metaphorically means safeguard with money and status. Common mistake alert: Modern term, but used metaphorically here.➕
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打岔 dǎ chà
v. To interrupt, to cut in; means to disrupt a conversation. Character analysis: 打 (dǎ) means to hit, 岔 (chà) means fork or interruption. Character family extension: 打断 (dǎ duàn, to interrupt), 岔开 (chà kāi, to divert). Contextual discrimination: Here it lists ways to avoid得罪. Common mistake alert: Informal, often used in spoken language.➕
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得罪 dé zuì
v. To offend, to displease; means to cause resentment. Character analysis: 得 (dé) means to obtain, 罪 (zuì) means crime or offense. Character family extension: 得罪人 (dé zuì rén, to offend people), 获罪 (huò zuì, to be convicted). Contextual discrimination: Here it is something to avoid. Common mistake alert: Similar to 冒犯 (mào fàn, to offend), but 得罪 is more common in daily use.➕
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趋势 qū shì
n. Trend, tendency; refers to a general direction of change. Character analysis: 趋 (qū) means to tend towards, 势 (shì) means momentum. Character family extension: 趋向 (qū xiàng, trend), 势头 (shì tóu, momentum). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes the almost closing of Zhang大哥's eye. Common mistake alert: Common in business and social analysis.➕
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太极拳 tài jí quán
n. Tai Chi, a Chinese martial art for health and meditation; a cultural practice. Character analysis: 太极 (tài jí) means supreme ultimate, 拳 (quán) means fist or boxing. Character family extension: 太极图 (tài jí tú, Taiji diagram), 拳法 (quán fǎ, boxing technique). Contextual discrimination: Here it is used as a diversion topic. Common mistake alert: Widely known but culturally significant.➕
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云手 yún shǒu
n. Cloud Hands, a Tai Chi move; involves flowing hand movements. Character analysis: 云 (yún) means cloud, 手 (shǒu) means hand. Character family extension: 云彩 (yún cǎi, cloud), 手势 (shǒu shì, gesture). Contextual discrimination: Here it is part of Tai Chi terminology. Common mistake alert: Specific to Tai Chi, not general vocabulary.➕
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倒撵猴 dǎo niǎn hóu
n. Step Back and Repulse Monkey, a Tai Chi move; involves stepping back while pushing. Character analysis: 倒 (dǎo) means to fall or step back, 撵 (niǎn) means to drive away, 猴 (hóu) means monkey. Character family extension: 倒退 (dǎo tuì, to step back), 猴子 (hóu zi, monkey). Contextual discrimination: Here it is another Tai Chi term. Common mistake alert: Niche term, only in martial arts context.➕
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海底针 hǎi dǐ zhēn
n. Needle at the Bottom of the Sea, a Tai Chi move; involves a downward thrust. Character analysis: 海底 (hǎi dǐ) means seabed, 针 (zhēn) means needle. Character family extension: 海洋 (hǎi yáng, ocean), 针线 (zhēn xiàn, needle and thread). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes a smoking gesture. Common mistake alert: Metaphorical name for a martial arts move.➕
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白鹤亮翅 bái hè liàng chì
idiom. White Crane Spreads Its Wings, a Tai Chi move; involves spreading arms like a crane. Character analysis: 白鹤 (bái hè) means white crane, 亮翅 (liàng chì) means to spread wings. Character family extension: 白鹤 (bái hè, white crane), 翅膀 (chì bǎng, wings). Contextual discrimination: Here it is a stance Mr. Wu assumes. Common mistake alert: Poetic name, reflects animal imagery in martial arts.➕
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如封似闭 rú fēng sì bì
idiom. As if Sealing, As if Closing, a Tai Chi move; involves blocking and closing movements. Character analysis: 如 (rú) means like, 封 (fēng) means to seal, 似 (sì) means like, 闭 (bì) means to close. Character family extension: 封闭 (fēng bì, to close off), 似乎 (sì hū,似乎). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes an opportunity to slip away. Common mistake alert: Another specialized Tai Chi term.➕
🔊 邱吴二先生都没审问老李,老李觉得稍微痛快一点。午时散了衙门,走到大街上,呼吸似乎自由了些。这是头一次由衙门出来不往公寓走,而是回家!家中有三颗心在那儿盼念他,三张嘴在那儿念道他。他觉得他有些重要,有些生趣。他后悔了,早晨不应那样悲观。自己所处的环境,所有的工作,确是没有多少意义;可是自己担当着养活一家大小,和教育那两个孩子,这至少是一种重要的,假如不是十分伟大的,工作。离开那个怪物衙门,回到可爱的家庭,到底是有点意思。这点意思也许和抽鸦片烟一样--由一点享受把自己卖给魔鬼。从此得因家庭而忍受着那个怪物的毒气,得因儿女而牺牲一切生命的高大理想与自由。老李的心又跳起来!没办法,还是忘了自己吧。忘掉自己有担得起更大的工作的可能,而把自己交给妻子,儿女;为他们活着,为他们工作,这样至少可以把自己的平衡暂时的苟且的保持住。多么难堪与不是味儿的两个形容字--暂时的,苟且的。生命就这么没劲。可是--他不想了。捉住点事实把思想驱开吧。对,给孩子们买些玩艺。马上去买了几个橡皮的马牛羊。这些没有生命的软皮,能增加孩子们多少多少乐趣?生命或者原来就是便宜东西。他极快的走到家中。李太太正在厨房预备饭。炉子已安好,窗纸又破了一个窟窿。两个孩子正在捉迷藏,小肉葫芦蹲在桌子底下,黑小子在屋里嚷:“得了没有?”“英,菱,来,看玩艺来!”老李不晓得为什么必须这样痛快的喊,可是心中确是痛快。在乡间--不过偶尔回去一次--连自己的小孩都不敢畅意的一块玩耍;现在他可以自由的,尽兴的,和他们玩;一切是他的!英和菱的眼睛睁圆了,看着那些花红柳绿的橡皮,不敢伸手去摸。菱把大拇指插在口中;英用手背抹了鼻子两下,并没有任何作用。“要牛要马?”老李问。英们还没看出那些软皮是什么,可一致地说:“牛!”老李,好象神话中的巨人,提起牛来,嘴衔着汽管,用力的吹。英先看明白了:“这是牛,给我,爸!”“给菱,爸!”老李知道给谁也不行,可是一嘴又吹不起两个来。“英,你自己吹,吹那只老山羊!”他不知怎么会想起这个好办法,只觉得自己确是有智慧。英蹲下,拿起一个来,不知是马还是羊,十分兴奋,头一气便把自己的鼻子吹出了汗。再给他牛,他也不要了。自己吹是何等的美事!“菱也吹。”她把马抓起来,似乎那头牛已没有分毫价值。老李帮着把牲口们全吹起来。堵好汽管,英手擦着裤腿,无话可讲,一劲的吸气。菱抱着山羊,小肉葫芦上全是笑意。英忽然撒腿跑了,去把妈妈拉来。妈妈手上挂着好些白面。“妈,妈!”英叫一声,扯妈妈的大襟一下,“看爸给拿来的牛,马,羊!妈,你看哪!”又吸了一回气。妈笑了,要和丈夫说话,又似乎没什么可说的;不说,又显着有点发秃。她的眼神显出来,她是以老李为家长--甚至于是上帝。在乡下的时候,当着众人她自然不便和丈夫说话,况且凡事有公婆在前,也无须向丈夫要主意;现在,只有他是一切。没有他,北平能把她和儿女全嚼嚼吃了。她应当说点什么,他是为她和她儿女们去受苦,去挣钱。可是想不起从哪里说起。“妈,我拿牛叫西屋老奶奶看看吧?”英问,急于展览他的新宝贝。妈得着个机会:“问爸。”爸觉得不大安坦。为什么应当问爸呢?孩子难道不是咱们俩的?可是,这样的妇人必定真以我为丈夫,主人。老李不敢决定一切,只感觉着夫妇之间隔着些什么东西。算了吧,让脑子休息会儿吧。“不用了,英,先吃饭,吃完再去。”“爸,菱抱羊一块吃饭饭。”“好。”老李还有一句:“给老山羊点饭饭吃。”可是打不起精神说。大家一块吃饭,吃得很痛快。菱把汤洒了羊一身,羊没哭,妈也没打菱。饭后,妈收拾家伙,英菱与牛羊和爸玩了半天。老李细看了看儿女,越看越觉得他与他们有最密切的关系。英的嘴,鼻子,和老李的一样,特别是那对大而迟钝的眼睛。老李心里说:“大概我小时候也这么黑。”菱的胳臂短腿短,将来也许象她妈妈那样短粗。儿女的将来,渺茫。英再象我,菱再象她?不,一定不能。但是管它呢!“菱,来,叫爸亲亲。”亲完了小肉葫芦,他向厨房那边说:“我说--菱没有件体面的棉袍子呀?”“那不就挺好看的吗?”太太在厨房里嚷,好象愿叫街上的人也都听见,“她还有件紫的呢,留着出门穿。”“留着你那件臭紫袍吧!”老李心里说。有给菱作件新袍的必要,打扮上,一定是个可爱的小女孩。希望母亲也来看看菱的新衣裳,虽然新衣裳还八字没有一撇。“晚上见,菱!”“爸买花生去。”菱以为爸一出去就得买落花生。“爸,再带头牛来,好凑一对。”英以为爸一出门必是买牛去。老李在屋门口停了一停,她没出来。东屋的门开着点缝,老李看见一个人影,没看清楚,只觉得一件红衣那么一闪。

Neither Mr. Qiu nor Mr. Wu subjected Old Li to an interrogation, which left him feeling a shade more at ease. At noon, he left the yamen and stepped out onto the street. His breathing seemed a little freer. For the first time, he was not heading back to his lodgings after work, but going home! Three hearts were there yearning for him, three mouths there murmuring about him. He felt a certain weight, a certain scrap of purpose. He regretted his pessimism that morning. His environment, all his work, indeed held little meaning. But he bore the burden of supporting his family and educating the two children. This was, at the very least, important work, if not exactly heroic. Leaving that monstrous bureaucratic machine and returning to his family did hold a glimmer of meaning, after all. This glimmer might be akin to smoking opium-selling yourself to the devil for a scrap of pleasure. From now on, he would have to endure the poisonous atmosphere of that monster for the sake of his family. He would have to sacrifice all the grand ideals and freedoms of life for the sake of his children. Old Li's heart began to race again! No way out. Better to forget himself. To forget his own potential for shouldering greater work, and to give himself over to his wife and children. To live for them, to work for them. This way, he could at least maintain a temporary, makeshift equilibrium. How wretched and flavorless those two descriptors-temporary, makeshift. Life was so utterly devoid of vigor. But-he stopped thinking. He must seize upon some concrete fact to drive away these thoughts. Right, buy some playthings for the children. He went and promptly bought a few rubber animals-a horse, a cow, a sheep. How much joy could these lifeless, floppy skins possibly bring the children? Perhaps life was originally a cheap commodity. He walked home with swift steps. Mrs. Li was in the kitchen preparing the meal. The stove had been installed. A new hole had been torn in the window paper. The two children were playing hide-and-seek. Little Meat-Gourd was squatting under the table. The dark little fellow was shouting from inside the room, "Are you ready yet?" "Ying! Ling! Come here, look at the playthings!" Old Li didn't know why he had to shout with such hearty abandon, but his heart was indeed flooded with a simple, hearty joy. Back in the village-though he only returned occasionally-he hadn't dared play freely and unrestrainedly with his own children. Now he could play with them freely, to his heart's content. Everything was his! Ying and Ling's eyes widened into saucers as they stared at those gaudy rubber toys, not daring to reach out and touch them. Ling stuck her thumb in her mouth. Ying wiped her nose twice with the back of her hand, to no practical effect. "Do you want the cow or the horse?" Old Li asked. The children hadn't yet discerned what those soft skins were supposed to be, but they chorused in unison, "The cow!" Old Li, like a giant from a myth, picked up the cow, put his mouth to the valve, and blew with all his might. Ying caught on first: "It's a cow! Give it to me, Daddy!" "Give it to Ling, Daddy!" Old Li knew he couldn't give it to both, and he couldn't blow up two at once with one mouth. "Ying, you blow it up yourself. Blow up that old goat!" He didn't know how he'd hit upon this excellent idea, only that he felt remarkably clever. Ying squatted down, picked one up-she wasn't sure if it was the horse or the sheep-and, tremendously excited, managed to blow so hard on her first attempt that her nose broke out in sweat. She didn't even want the cow anymore. Blowing it up yourself was such a marvelous thing! "Ling, you blow one up too." She grabbed the horse, as if the cow had suddenly lost all value. Old Li helped blow up all the animals. Once the valves were plugged, Ying rubbed her hands on her pant legs, speechless, simply gulping in air. Ling hugged the goat, Little Meat-Gourd's face wreathed in smiles. Ying suddenly dashed off to drag her mother over. Her mother's hands were dusted with flour. "Mama! Mama!" Ying called, tugging at the front of her mother's jacket, "Look, Daddy brought cows, and horses, and sheep! Mama, look!" She took another gulp of air. Her mother smiled. She seemed to want to say something to her husband, yet there seemed nothing to say. Not saying anything, however, made things seem awkward. The look in her eyes showed that she regarded Old Li as the head of the household-even as a kind of god. Back in the village, in front of others, she naturally couldn't speak freely to her husband. Besides, with her in-laws around, there was no need to seek her husband's opinion on matters. Now, he was everything. Without him, Beiping would chew her and the children up and swallow them. She ought to say something. He was suffering and earning money for her and the children. But she couldn't think where to begin. "Mama, can I take the cow to show Granny in the west room?" Ying asked, eager to exhibit her new treasure. Her mother seized the opportunity: "Ask your father." Father felt somewhat uneasy. Why should she have to ask him? Weren't the children theirs together? And yet, such a response from his wife surely meant she truly regarded him as her husband and master. Old Li dared not decide anything definitively; he only felt that something stood between husband and wife. Let it be. Let his mind rest for a while. "No need for now, Ying. Let's eat first, you can go afterwards." "Daddy, Ling wants to hold the sheep while she eats her din-din." "Alright." Old Li had another sentence in mind: "Give the old goat some din-din too." But he couldn't muster the energy to say it. They all ate together, and ate with hearty enjoyment. Ling spilled soup all over the sheep. The sheep didn't cry, and Mother didn't spank Ling. After the meal, Mother cleared the table, and Ying, Ling, the cows, the sheep, and Daddy played for a long time. Old Li studied his children closely. The more he looked, the more he felt the profound, intimate connection between them. Ying's mouth and nose were like his own, especially those large, somewhat dull eyes. Old Li thought to himself, "I was probably this dark as a child." Ling's arms and legs were short; she might grow up stocky like her mother. The children's future was a hazy uncertainty. Would Ying take after him, and Ling after her mother? No, surely not. But never mind that! "Ling, come here, let Daddy give you a kiss." After kissing Little Meat-Gourd, he called toward the kitchen, "I say-Ling doesn't have a decent padded gown, does she?" "Isn't the one she's wearing quite nice enough?" His wife shouted from the kitchen, as if wanting the whole street to hear, "She's got a purple one too, saved for going out." "Keep your stinking purple gown!" Old Li thought. It was necessary to have a new gown made for Ling. Dressed up, she would certainly be a darling little girl. He hoped his own mother could also come see Ling's new clothes, though at present the new clothes were not even a stroke on paper. "See you tonight, Ling!" "Daddy, buy peanuts." Ling assumed that as soon as Daddy went out, he would buy peanuts. "Daddy, bring back another cow next time, so we can get a pair." Ying assumed that whenever Daddy went out, he would buy cows. Old Li paused for a moment in the doorway. She did not come out. The door to the east room was open a crack. Old Li caught a glimpse of a figure, though not clearly, only a fleeting impression of a flash of red.

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痛快 tòng kuai
adj. Delighted,痛快; describes a feeling of satisfaction or relief. Character analysis: 痛 (tòng) means pain, but here it intensifies快 (kuai) meaning happy. Character family extension: 快乐 (kuài lè, happy), 痛苦 (tòng kǔ, pain). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Lao Li's slight relief. Common mistake alert: Can also mean straightforward, as in 说话痛快.➕
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午时 wǔ shí
n. Noon, midday; a traditional time designation. Character analysis: 午 (wǔ) means noon, 时 (shí) means time. Character family extension: 中午 (zhōng wǔ, noon), 时辰 (shí chén, time period). Contextual discrimination: Here it specifies the time衙门散. Common mistake alert: Old-fashioned, replaced by 中午 in modern usage.➕
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公寓 gōng yù
n. Apartment, flat; a residential building with multiple units. Character analysis: 公 (gōng) means public, 寓 (yù) means residence. Character family extension: 公共 (gōng gòng, public), 寓意 (yù yì,寓意). Contextual discrimination: Here it contrasts with home. Common mistake alert: Modern term, but used in historical context here.➕
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盼念 pàn niàn
v. To eagerly anticipate, to long for; combines盼 (to hope) and念 (to think of). Character analysis: 盼 (pàn) means to hope, 念 (niàn) means to miss. Character family extension: 盼望 (pàn wàng, to look forward to), 想念 (xiǎng niàn, to miss). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes the family's期待. Common mistake alert: Literary, less common than 盼望.➕
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念道 niàn dao
v. To念叨, to talk about repeatedly; a colloquial term for mentioning often. Character analysis: 念 (niàn) means to say, 道 (dao) is a particle. Character family extension: 念叨 (niàn dao, same), 念诵 (niàn sòng, to recite). Contextual discrimination: Here it means the family talks about him. Common mistake alert: Informal, often in northern dialects.➕
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生趣 shēng qù
n. Interest in life, liveliness; refers to the joy or meaning derived from existence. Character analysis: 生 (shēng) means life, 趣 (qù) means interest. Character family extension: 生活 (shēng huó, life), 趣味 (qù wèi,趣味). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Lao Li's feeling of purpose. Common mistake alert: Poetic term, not used in daily conversation.➕
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悲观 bēi guān
adj. Pessimistic, gloomy; describes a negative outlook. Character analysis: 悲 (bēi) means sad, 观 (guān) means view. Character family extension: 悲伤 (bēi shāng, sorrow), 乐观 (lè guān, optimistic). Contextual discrimination: Here it refers to Lao Li's morning mood. Common mistake alert: Opposite of 乐观.➕
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担当 dān dāng
v. To undertake, to shoulder responsibility; means to take on duties. Character analysis: 担 (dān) means to carry, 当 (dāng) means to bear. Character family extension: 担任 (dān rèn, to hold a position), 负担 (fù dān, burden). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Lao Li's role in supporting the family. Common mistake alert: Often used in formal contexts.➕
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养活 yǎng huó
v. To support, to provide for; means to feed and sustain. Character analysis: 养 (yǎng) means to raise, 活 (huó) means to live. Character family extension: 养育 (yǎng yù, to nurture), 生活 (shēng huó, life). Contextual discrimination: Here it refers to supporting the family. Common mistake alert: Informal, often used for basic sustenance.➕
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牺牲 xī shēng
v. To sacrifice, to give up; means to relinquish for a cause. Character analysis: 牺 (xī) means sacrificial animal, 牲 (shēng) means livestock. Character family extension: 牺牲品 (xī shēng pǐn, victim), 牺牲精神 (xī shēng jīng shén, spirit of sacrifice). Contextual discrimination: Here it means giving up ideals for family. Common mistake alert: Often used in noble contexts.➕
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平衡 píng héng
n. Balance, equilibrium; refers to a state of stability. Character analysis: 平 (píng) means level, 衡 (héng) means to weigh. Character family extension: 平均 (píng jūn, average), 衡量 (héng liáng, to measure). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes maintaining psychological balance. Common mistake alert: Common in physics and life contexts.➕
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苟且 gǒu qiě
adj. Perfunctory, makeshift; describes a temporary or careless approach. Character analysis: 苟 (gǒu) means if or careless, 且 (qiě) means暂且. Character family extension: 苟活 (gǒu huó, to live carelessly), 苟同 (gǒu tóng, to agree hastily). Contextual discrimination: Here it modifies maintaining balance temporarily. Common mistake alert: Often has negative connotation of compromising.➕
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难堪 nán kān
adj. Embarrassed, awkward; describes an uncomfortable situation. Character analysis: 难 (nán) means difficult, 堪 (kān) means to bear. Character family extension: 难看 (nán kàn, ugly), 不堪 (bù kān, unbearable). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes the words 'temporary' and 'perfunctory'. Common mistake alert: Similar to 尴尬 (gān gà,尴尬), but 难堪 is more intense.➕
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没劲 méi jìn
adj. Boring, uninteresting; colloquial for lacking energy or fun. Character analysis: 没 (méi) means没有, 劲 (jìn) means energy. Character family extension: 劲头 (jìn tóu, enthusiasm), 没意思 (méi yì si, uninteresting). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes life as dull. Common mistake alert: Informal, used in spoken language.➕
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驱开 qū kāi
v. To drive away, to dispel; means to remove something forcibly. Character analysis: 驱 (qū) means to drive, 开 (kāi) means to open or away. Character family extension: 驱逐 (qū zhú, to expel), 开车 (kāi chē, to drive a car). Contextual discrimination: Here it means to push away thoughts. Common mistake alert: Formal, less common than 赶走 (gǎn zǒu).➕
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玩艺 wán yì
n. Toy,玩意儿; colloquial for plaything or gadget. Character analysis: 玩 (wán) means to play, 艺 (yì) means art or thing. Character family extension: 玩具 (wán jù, toy), 玩意儿 (wán yì er, same). Contextual discrimination: Here it refers to橡皮 toys. Common mistake alert: Informal variant of 玩意儿.➕
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橡皮 xiàng pí
n. Rubber, eraser; refers to elastic material. Character analysis: 橡 (xiàng) means oak, 皮 (pí) means skin. Character family extension: 橡胶 (xiàng jiāo, rubber), 橡皮擦 (xiàng pí cā, eraser). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes the material of toys. Common mistake alert: Common word, but HSK4 level.➕
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畅意 chàng yì
adj. Unrestrained, free and easy; describes a state of comfort and freedom. Character analysis: 畅 (chàng) means smooth, 意 (yì) means intention. Character family extension: 畅通 (chàng tōng, unimpeded), 得意 (dé yì, proud). Contextual discrimination: Here it contrasts with不敢畅意玩耍 in乡下. Common mistake alert: Literary, similar to 舒畅.➕
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尽兴 jìn xìng
adj. To one's heart's content, fully enjoyed; means to have maximum fun. Character analysis: 尽 (jìn) means to exhaust, 兴 (xìng) means interest. Character family extension: 尽情 (jìn qíng, to one's heart's content), 兴趣 (xìng qù, interest). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes playing freely. Common mistake alert: Often used in contexts like 玩得尽兴.➕
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花红柳绿 huā hóng liǔ lǜ
idiom. Flowers red and willows green; describes vibrant colors and spring scenery. Character analysis: 花 (huā) means flower, 红 (hóng) means red, 柳 (liǔ) means willow, 绿 (lǜ) means green. Character family extension: 红花 (hóng huā, red flower), 柳树 (liǔ shù, willow tree). Contextual discrimination: Here it modifies the橡皮 toys' colors. Common mistake alert: Poetic idiom, often used in literature.➕
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分毫 fēn háo
n. The slightest bit, a tiny amount; refers to极小 quantity. Character analysis: 分 (fēn) means cent or part, 毫 (háo) means毫 (unit of length or weight). Character family extension: 分寸 (fēn cun, propriety), 毫米 (háo mǐ, millimeter). Contextual discrimination: Here it means no value at all. Common mistake alert: Often used in否定 sentences like 分毫不差.➕
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牲口 shēng kou
n. Livestock, draught animals; refers to farm animals. Character analysis: 牲 (shēng) means animal, 口 (kou) is a measure word. Character family extension: 牲畜 (shēng chù, livestock), 牲口棚 (shēng kou péng, livestock shed). Contextual discrimination: Here it refers to the橡皮 animals. Common mistake alert: Rural term, not common in urban settings.➕
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一劲 yī jìn
adv. Continuously, persistently; colloquial for keeping at something. Character analysis: 一 (yī) means one, 劲 (jìn) means effort. Character family extension: 一个劲 (yī gè jìn, same), 劲头 (jìn tóu, enthusiasm). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes英吸气 repeatedly. Common mistake alert: Informal, often in northern dialects.➕
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发秃 fā tū
adj. Awkward, embarrassed; colloquial for feeling uncomfortable or at a loss. Character analysis: 发 (fā) means to feel, 秃 (tū) means bald or bare. Character family extension: 发呆 (fā dāi, to发呆), 秃头 (tū tóu, bald head). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes the wife's hesitation. Common mistake alert: Slang, not standard vocabulary.➕
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家长 jiā zhǎng
n. Head of household, parent; refers to the person in charge of a family. Character analysis: 家 (jiā) means family, 长 (zhǎng) means head. Character family extension: 家庭 (jiā tíng, family), 长辈 (zhǎng bèi, elder). Contextual discrimination: Here it elevates Lao Li to a god-like status. Common mistake alert: Common term in education and family contexts.➕
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公婆 gōng pó
n. Parents-in-law; specifically husband's parents in Chinese context. Character analysis: 公 (gōng) means father-in-law, 婆 (pó) means mother-in-law. Character family extension: 公公 (gōng gong, father-in-law), 婆婆 (pó po, mother-in-law). Contextual discrimination: Here it refers to the wife's former life with in-laws. Common mistake alert: Cultural term reflecting family hierarchy.➕
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嚼嚼 jiáo jiao
v. To chew, to munch; reduplicated form of嚼 (jiáo). Character analysis: A verb indicating chewing动作. Character family extension: 咀嚼 (jǔ jué, to chew), 嚼碎 (jiáo suì, to chew up). Contextual discrimination: Here it metaphorically means北平 could devour her. Common mistake alert: Onomatopoeic, informal.➕
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安坦 ān tǎn
adj. Comfortable, at ease; describes a state of peace and stability. Character analysis: 安 (ān) means peaceful, 坦 (tǎn) means level or calm. Character family extension: 安心 (ān xīn, at ease), 坦率 (tǎn shuài, frank). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Lao Li's discomfort. Common mistake alert: Literary, less common than 安心.➕
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体面 tǐ miàn
adj. Decent, respectable; refers to appearance or behavior that conforms to social standards. Character analysis: 体 (tǐ) means body or style, 面 (miàn) means face. Character family extension: 体现 (tǐ xiàn, to embody), 面子 (miàn zi, face). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes a nice棉袍子 for菱. Common mistake alert: Important concept in Chinese face culture.➕
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八字没有一撇 bā zì méi yǒu yī piě
idiom. Not even the first stroke of the character 'eight'; means something hasn't started or is far from completion. Character analysis: 八字 (bā zì) means the character八, 没有 (méi yǒu) means not have, 一撇 (yī piě) means one stroke. Character family extension: 八字 (bā zì, also refers to birth characters), 一撇一捺 (yī piě yī nà, strokes of characters). Contextual discrimination: Here it形容新衣裳还没做. Common mistake alert: Cultural idiom related to Chinese writing.➕
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世交 shì jiāo
n. Family friendship over generations; refers to long-standing relationships between families. Character analysis: 世 (shì) means generation, 交 (jiāo) means friendship. Character family extension: 世界 (shì jiè, world), 交流 (jiāo liú, exchange). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Lao Li's feeling towards Zhang大哥. Common mistake alert: Reflects importance of guanxi in Chinese society.➕
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风景画片 fēng jǐng huà piàn
n. Scenic picture, landscape painting; refers to a printed or painted image of scenery. Character analysis: 风景 (fēng jǐng) means scenery, 画片 (huà piàn) means picture card. Character family extension: 风景画 (fēng jǐng huà, landscape painting), 照片 (zhào piàn, photo). Contextual discrimination: Here it is a gift from Zhang大哥. Common mistake alert: Compound noun, straightforward.➕
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对联 duì lián
n. Couplet, paired phrases; a traditional Chinese art form with two lines of poetry hung on doors. Character analysis: 对 (duì) means pair, 联 (lián) means to connect. Character family extension: 对联文化 (duì lián wén huà, couplet culture), 春联 (chūn lián, Spring Festival couplets). Contextual discrimination: Here it is another gift. Common mistake alert: Cultural item, especially during Chinese New Year.➕
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中堂 zhōng táng
n. Central hall scroll; a large painting or calligraphy hung in the main room. Character analysis: 中 (zhōng) means middle, 堂 (táng) means hall. Character family extension: 中堂画 (zhōng táng huà, central hall painting), 堂屋 (táng wū, main room). Contextual discrimination: Here it is a gift without上款. Common mistake alert: Part of traditional home decor.➕
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上款 shàng kuǎn
n. Upper inscription, dedication; the part of a painting or calligraphy where the recipient's name is written. Character analysis: 上 (shàng) means upper, 款 (kuǎn) means inscription. Character family extension: 下款 (xià kuǎn, lower inscription), 款式 (kuǎn shì, style). Contextual discrimination: Here it notes the gifts lack dedications. Common mistake alert: Specific to art and gift-giving etiquette.➕
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道谢 dào xiè
v. To thank, to express gratitude; means to say thanks. Character analysis: 道 (dào) means to say, 谢 (xiè) means thanks. Character family extension: 道歉 (dào qiàn, to apologize), 谢谢 (xiè xie, thank you). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Lao Li's response. Common mistake alert: Formal than 谢谢, often used in writing or speeches.➕
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闷闷 mèn mèn
adj. Depressed, gloomy; reduplicated form of闷 (mèn). Character analysis: Describes a low mood. Character family extension: 闷闷不乐 (mèn mèn bù lè, depressed), 闷气 (mèn qì, sulk). Contextual discrimination: Here it describes Lao Li sitting unhappily. Common mistake alert: Often used in literary contexts.➕
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